1. Oct 24, 2018  Ubuntu 18.04 Setup SSH Public Key Authentication. The procedure to set up secure ssh keys on Ubuntu 18.04: Create the key pair using ssh-keygen command. Copy and install the public key using ssh-copy-id command. Add yourself to sudo admin account on Ubuntu 18.04 server. Disable the password login for root account on Ubuntu 18.04.
2. Apr 12, 2018 SSH-key-based authentication provides a more secure alternative to password-based authentication. In this tutorial we'll learn how to set up SSH key-based authentication on an Ubuntu 16.04 installation.
3. Jul 29, 2019  Establishing an SSH (Secure Shell) connection is essential to log in and effectively manage a remote server. Encrypted keys are a set of access credentials used to establish a secure connection. This guide will walk you how to generate SSH keys on Ubuntu 18.04.

• Generate Ssh Key Ubuntu 18.04 Github
• Ubuntu Generate Ssh Key Github Tutorial
• Ubuntu Generate Ssh Key Github Download
• Generate Ssh Key Putty

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If you don't already have an SSH key, you must generate a new SSH key.If you're unsure whether you already have an SSH key, check for existing keys. If you don't want to reenter your passphrase every time you use your SSH key, you can add your key to the SSH agent, which manages your SSH keys and remembers your passphrase. Jul 29, 2019 Establishing an SSH (Secure Shell) connection is essential to log in and effectively manage a remote server. Encrypted keys are a set of access credentials used to establish a secure connection. This guide will walk you how to generate SSH keys on Ubuntu 18.04. GitHub.com Authentication Connecting to GitHub with SSH Generating a new SSH key and adding it to the ssh-agent Generating a new SSH key and adding it to the ssh-agent After you've checked for existing SSH keys, you can generate a new SSH key to use for authentication, then add it to the ssh-agent.

With a secure shell (SSH) key pair, you can create virtual machines (VMs) in Azure that use SSH keys for authentication, eliminating the need for passwords to sign in. This article shows you how to quickly generate and use an SSH public-private key file pair for Linux VMs. You can complete these steps with the Azure Cloud Shell, a macOS or Linux host, the Windows Subsystem for Linux, and other tools that support OpenSSH.

Note

VMs created using SSH keys are by default configured with passwords disabled, which greatly increases the difficulty of brute-force guessing attacks.

I need to create keystore and truststore with root signed certificates. I have these files (at this step they are identical for client and for server): clientcert.pem clientprvkey.pem rootcer. You can go to the previous article and generate the certificate and private key as we'll be needing it for creating a KeyStore. In this article, I'll be explaining how one can create a KeyStore in. Jks certificate.

For more background and examples, see Detailed steps to create SSH key pairs.

For additional ways to generate and use SSH keys on a Windows computer, see How to use SSH keys with Windows on Azure.

Supported SSH key formats

Azure currently supports SSH protocol 2 (SSH-2) RSA public-private key pairs with a minimum length of 2048 bits. Other key formats such as ED25519 and ECDSA are not supported.

Create an SSH key pair

Use the ssh-keygen command to generate SSH public and private key files. By default, these files are created in the ~/.ssh directory. You can specify a different location, and an optional password (passphrase) to access the private key file. If an SSH key pair with the same name exists in the given location, those files are overwritten.

The following command creates an SSH key pair using RSA encryption and a bit length of 4096:

If you use the Azure CLI to create your VM with the az vm create command, you can optionally generate SSH public and private key files using the --generate-ssh-keys option. The key files are stored in the ~/.ssh directory unless specified otherwise with the --ssh-dest-key-path option. The --generate-ssh-keys option will not overwrite existing key files, instead returning an error. In the following command, replace VMname and RGname with your own values:

Provide an SSH public key when deploying a VM

To create a Linux VM that uses SSH keys for authentication, specify your SSH public key when creating the VM using the Azure portal, Azure CLI, Azure Resource Manager templates, or other methods:

If you're not familiar with the format of an SSH public key, you can display your public key with the following cat command, replacing ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub with the path and filename of your own public key file if needed:

A typical public key value looks like this example:

If you copy and paste the contents of the public key file to use in the Azure portal or a Resource Manager template, make sure you don't copy any trailing whitespace. To copy a public key in macOS, you can pipe the public key file to pbcopy. Similarly in Linux, you can pipe the public key file to programs such as xclip.

The public key that you place on your Linux VM in Azure is by default stored in ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub, unless you specified a different location when you created the key pair. To use the Azure CLI 2.0 to create your VM with an existing public key, specify the value and optionally the location of this public key using the az vm create command with the --ssh-key-values option. In the following command, replace VMname, RGname, and keyFile with your own values:

If you want to use multiple SSH keys with your VM, you can enter them in a space-separated list, like this --ssh-key-values sshkey-desktop.pub sshkey-laptop.pub.

SSH into your VM

With the public key deployed on your Azure VM, and the private key on your local system, SSH into your VM using the IP address or DNS name of your VM. In the following command, replace azureuser and myvm.westus.cloudapp.azure.com with the administrator user name and the fully qualified domain name (or IP address):

Generate Ssh Key Ubuntu 18.04 Github

If you specified a passphrase when you created your key pair, enter that passphrase when prompted during the login process. The VM is added to your ~/.ssh/known_hosts file, and you won't be asked to connect again until either the public key on your Azure VM changes or the server name is removed from ~/.ssh/known_hosts.

If the VM is using the just-in-time access policy, you need to request access before you can connect to the VM. For more information about the just-in-time policy, see Manage virtual machine access using the just in time policy.

Next steps

Ubuntu Generate Ssh Key Github Tutorial

• For more information on working with SSH key pairs, see Detailed steps to create and manage SSH key pairs.

• If you have difficulties with SSH connections to Azure VMs, see Troubleshoot SSH connections to an Azure Linux VM.

Links

Original URL: http://metasploit.com/users/hdm/tools/debian-openssl/ (Mirror)

Exploit:

Recommend Tool: Crowbar (able to brute force SSH keys)

Testing Method: ssh-vulnkey & dowkd.pl

CVE (CVE-2008-0166):

Information

The Bug

On May 13th, 2008 the Debian project announced that Luciano Bello found an interesting vulnerability in the OpenSSL package they were distributing. The bug in question was caused by the removal of the following line of code from md_rand.c

Ubuntu Generate Ssh Key Github Download

These lines were removed because they caused the Valgrind and Purify tools to produce warnings about the use of uninitialized data in any code that was linked to OpenSSL. You can see one such report to the OpenSSL team here. Removing this code has the side effect of crippling the seeding process for the OpenSSL PRNG. Instead of mixing in random data for the initial seed, the only 'random' value that was used was the current process ID. On the Linux platform, the default maximum process ID is 32,768, resulting in a very small number of seed values being used for all PRNG operations.

The Impact

All SSL and SSH keys generated on Debian-based systems (Ubuntu, Kubuntu, etc) between September 2006 and May 13th, 2008 may be affected. In the case of SSL keys, all generated certificates will be need to recreated and sent off to the Certificate Authority to sign. Any Certificate Authority keys generated on a Debian-based system will need be regenerated and revoked. All system administrators that allow users to access their servers with SSH and public key authentication need to audit those keys to see if any of them were created on a vulnerable system. Any tools that relied on OpenSSL's PRNG to secure the data they transferred may be vulnerable to an offline attack. Any SSH server that uses a host key generated by a flawed system is subject to traffic decryption and a man-in-the-middle attack would be invisible to the users. This flaw is ugly because even systems that do not use the Debian software need to be audited in case any key is being used that was created on a Debian system. The Debian and Ubuntu projects have released a set of tools for identifying vulnerable keys. You can find these listed in the references section below.

The Toys

The blacklists published by Debian and Ubuntu demonstrate just how small the key space is. When creating a new OpenSSH key, there are only 32,767 possible outcomes for a given architecture, key size, and key type. The reason is that the only 'random' data being used by the PRNG is the ID of the process. In order to generate the actual keys that match these blacklists, we need a system containing the correct binaries for the target platform and a way to generate keys with a specific process ID. To solve the process ID issue, I wrote a shared library that could be preloaded and that returns a user-specified value for the getpid() libc call.

The next step was to build a chroot environment that contained the actual binaries and libraries from a vulnerable system. I took a snapshot from a Ubuntu system on the local network. You can find the entire chroot environment here In order to generate an OpenSSH key with a specific type, bit count, and process ID, I wrote a shell script that could be executed from within the chroot environment. You can find this shell script here. This script is placed into the root directory of the extracted Ubuntu file system. In order to generate a key, this script is called with the following command line:

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This will generate a new OpenSSH 1024-bit DSA key with the value of getpid() always returning the number '1'. We now have our first pre-generated SSH key. If we continue this process for all PIDs up to 32,767 and then repeat it for 2048-bit RSA keys, we have covered the valid key ranges for x86 systems running the buggy version of the OpenSSL library. With this key set, we can compromise any user account that has a vulnerable key listed in the authorized_keys file. This key set is also useful for decrypting a previously-captured SSH session, if the SSH server was using a vulnerable host key. Links to the pre-generated key sets for 1024-bit DSA and 2048-bit RSA keys (x86) are provided in the downloads section below.

The interesting thing about these keys is how they are tied to the process ID. Since most Debian-based systems use sequential process ID values (incrementing from system boot and wrapping back around as needed), the process ID of a given key can also indicate how soon from the system boot that key was generated. If we look at the inverse of that, we can determine which keys to use during a brute force based on the target we are attacking. When attempting to guess a key generated at boot time (like a SSH host key), those keys with PID values less than 200 would be the best choices for a brute force. When attacking a user-generated key, we can assume that most of the valid user keys were created with a process ID greater than 500 and less than 10,000. This optimization can significantly speed up a brute force attack on a remote user account over the SSH protocol.

In the near future, this site will be updated to include a brute force tool that can be used quickly gain access to any SSH account that allows public key authentication using a vulnerable key. The keys in the data files below use the following naming convention:

To obtain the private key file for any given public key, you need to know the key fingerprint. The easiest way to obtain this fingerprint is through the following command:

If we look at the public key in an editor, we can also infer that the key type is RSA. In order to locate the private key for this public key, we need to extract the data files, and look for a file named:

In the example above, the fingerprint is represented in hexadecimal with the colons removed, and the process ID is indicated as '26670'. If we want to authenticate to a vulnerable system that uses this public key for authentication, we would run the following command:

Frequently Asked Questions

Q: How long did it take to generate these keys?

A: I used 31 Xeon cores clocked at 2.33Ghz. It took two hours to generate the 1024-bit DSA and 2048-bit RSA keys for x86. The 4096-bit RSA keys took about 6 hours to generate. The 8192-bit RSA key generation would take about 100 hours at its current rate and will likely be stopped before completion.

Q: Will you share your code for distributing the key-generation across multiple processors?

A: Nope. The code is hardcoded for this specific cluster and is too poorly-written to be worth cleaning up.

Q: How long does it take a crack a SSH user account using these keys?

A: This depends on the speed of the network and the configuration of the SSH server. It should be possible to try all 32,767 keys of both DSA-1024 and RSA-2048 within a couple hours, but be careful of anti-brute-force scripts on the target server.

Q: I use 16384-bit RSA keys, can these be broken?

A: Yes, its just a matter of time and processing power. The 8192-bit RSA keyset would take about 3100 hours of CPU time to generate all 32,767 keys (100 hours on the 31 cores I'm using now). I imagine the 16384-bit RSA keyset would take closer to 100,000 hours of CPU time. One thing to keep in mind is that most keys are within a much smaller range, based on the process ID seed, and the entire set would not need to be generated to cover the majority of user keys (most keys are within the first 3,000 process IDs).

Copyright © 2008 H D Moore